INTERESTING IN Malacca

MALACCA

Malacca’s appeal lies in its rich and colorful past. Its 600 years of history is reflected in its ancient’s buildings, intriguing streets, delectable cuisine and unique cultural heritage. In the 16th century, Malacca enjoyed reputation as the foremost maritime trading centre in the region. Merchants came from as far as Arabia, China, India and Europe to conduct trade in silk, spice, gold, and porcelain.
Malacca’s history began in 1403 with the arrival of Paramewara, an exiled Hindu Prince from the Kingdom of Sri Vijaya in Sumatra. He assumed the tittles of Raja Iskandar when he embraced Islam and became the first rulers of this new kingdom which marked the early beginnings of the Malacca Sultanate. In time, Malacca gained prominence as a vibrant maritime trading centre and was covered by several foreign powers. The Portuguese led by Alfonso d’ Albuquerque Malacca in 1511 and colonized it for 130 years. The Dutch then came in 1641 and ruled for 154 years. The were follows by the Britich in 1824 who ruled until the country gained its independents. Malacca also experience Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945. After world war two. Nationals centimes began to spread culminating in the proclamation of independence on the 31st of August 1957. modern Malacca set on a course of industrial development about two decades after independents and forges aheat in its vision to be a fully industrialized stated by the year 2010



INTERESTING IN Malacca



1) PORTA DE SANTIAGO (A’FAMOSA)

This prominent landmark in Malacca was a fortress build by the Portuguese admiral, Alfonso d’Albuquerque in 1511. It was badly damage during the Dutch invasion in 1641. Timely intervention by Sir Stamford Raffles, a British official, in 1808 saved what remains of the A’Famosa today.

2) ST. PAUL’s CHURCH

The church was built on a hill in 1521 by Duarte Coelho, a Catholic Portuguese captain. It was later renamed St. Paul,s Church by the Dutch’s. Francis Xavier was buried n the open grave here in 1553 before his body was transferred to Goa in India. The church has a commanding view of Malacca.
3) THE STADTHUYS
A major landmark in Malacca, the stadhuys was built in 1650 as the official residence of Dutch government and their officers. Believed to be the oldest Dutch building in the East (circa 1641 and 1660), the stadhuys houses the museum of History and Ethnography. Originally white, it was given a striking salmon-red colour to match the nearby Christ Church. Museum of History and Ethnography opening at 9am to 6pm and the admission fee is Adult RM5 and Children RM2.




4) CHRIST CHURCH.
Situated adjacent to the stadhuys, the bright red structure is testimony to dutch architectural ingenuity,. Interesting features include the church’s handmade pews, ceiling beams, brass bible, tombstone and ‘The Last Supper’ in glazed tiles. When the British arrived they turned the building into an Anglican church and added a weathercock as well as a bell tower.


5) HANG LI PO’S WELL
Built by the follower of Hang Li Po, the well was the only souse of water during great droughts. The Dutch enclosed it with stout walls to reserve it for their exclusive use. Today, it enjoys a reputation as a wishing well. Hang Li Po Well opening at 7am-7pm.


6) HANG TUAH’S WELL
This well is located in Kampung Duyong, where Hang Tuah was born and spent his childhood with four of his good friends. They later became the famous knight of Malacca.

CULTURES IN MALACCA

Malacca’s rich cultures heritage comes from its various ethnic group who are proud of their historical link to the past.

The Malays
The Malay constitute the largest group of Malacca’s population. Islam pervades their whole way of life, including their costumer or adat. The social system of the Malay in Malacca is based on adapt temenggong, which embraces a patriarchal tradition. This custom spread subsequently to other state in the peninsular.

The Chinese
The Chinese community forms the second largest ethnic group in Malacca and most them are involved in business and trading activities. The peranakan or strait born Chinese from a unique sub-group. Also know as baba-nyonya, they are descendants of the Chinese who arrived in Malacca and married local. Described as ‘ Chinese in spirit and malay in form’, they retain many Chinese costum but malay is their mother-tongue. They have adopted the Malay-style of dressing.


The Portuguese-Eurasians

The Portuguese-Eurasians community number about 10,000 in Malaysia. About 2,600 live in Malacca in the Portuguese Settlement which dates to 1930. They speak cristang, an archaic Portuguese dialect, and are Roman Catholics. The settlement is a hive of activity during the Festa San Juang and Festa Son Pedro celebration.


Museums

In Malacca we can see many museum. For example, The Baba and Nyonya Heritage Museum. The furniture is made of Chinese rosewood in a mixture of Chinese, Victorian and Dutch designs. The opening hours is 10am-12.30pm and 2pm-4.30pm. Their admission fee is for adult RM8 and for Children RM4. For more information about The Baba and Nyonya Heritage museum anybody can call this phone number for ask something about Baba and Nyonya Museum. 06-2831273.


Most popular museum in Malacca is The Maritime Museum. This museum opening at 8.30am to 5.30am everyday except Tuesday. This museum closed on Tuesday. Located along Jalan Quayside, the Maritime Museum is housed in a replica of the floor de la Mar, a Potuguese vessel that sank off the Malacca coast. Their admission fee is for adult RM2 and for Children RM0.50. For more information call 06-2830926.


Hotel in Malacca
In Malacca we can get any residence in simple way, just ready some money and find in Malacca. In Malacca got 13th hotel, that why you just choose where hotel you want stay and check in.

Food and beverage

Malacca cuisine is well-known for its lively flavoursand aromas. Each community has its distinct culinary style. The city’s many restaurant, cafes food court, pubs and fast food restaurants offer a range of dining options. In Malacca so many choice food and beverage for example malay food. Popular Malacca favourites are satay celup ( skewered seafood cooked in peanut souce), cincaluk (fermented shrimp relish ), rojak ( fruit and vegetable salad ), dodol ( a sweet sticky plam sugar delicacy ) and cendol ( cold dessert with coconut milk and palm sugar syrup ). All this malay menu can get at Restaurant Lot 85, Jalan Durian Daun or Restaurant Kari Kepala Ikan Hajah Rahmah, Jalan Bukit Katil. The second example is Nyonya food. Nyonya food incorporates Chinese ingredients like flavoured with malay spice and herbs. Popular Nyonya fevourites are otak-otak (spiced fish meat, wrapped in banana leaves and grilled), itik tim ( duck stew with salted vegetable ) and perut ikan (preserved fish stomach in herbs. The Nyonya food can get at Restaurant Bibik Neo, Jalan Melaka Raya or Restaurant Ole Sayang, Jalan Melaka Raya. Most popular food in Malacca is Portuguese food. Portuguese cuisine assimilates the culinary styles of Malay and Indian cooking traditions. Fish features highly in the community’s daily menu. Favorites are pasu keamadu (baked fish), garing fretu (fried whitebait with sliced shallots) and the fiery el Diablo curry (devil curry)



Transportation
Airlines
Airlines Company Telephone
RiauAirlines 03-78591933
Berjaya Airlines 03-3179661

Car Rental
Car Rental Company Telephone
Anna Rent-A-Car 06-2835626
Avis Rent-A-Car 06-2486710

INTRODUCTION TO MALAYSIA’SYSTEM SYTEM AND STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT

INTRODUCTION TO MALAYSIA’SYSTEM SYTEM AND STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT

To administrator and rule a country is like running a huge organization. Malaysia’s system of administration and government practiced has functioned to ensure the well-being of the people as well as the building of a united nation. The hierarchical system of government, the federal and state government, is able to manage the state and national affairs according to the provisions in the constitution.
The former Malaysian government system two traditional fundamental bodies are the institution of the Yang di - Pertuan Agung and Council of Rulers.
The democratic system of government in the country is further enhanced by the practices of the concept of power being separated among three bodies in the administration of the country, the executive, legislative,
Judiciary.
All three bodies from the axis or pillar which safeguards, maintain, and stabilize the government and administration of the country .The power implemented by the ministries, departments or government agencies. Through federal and state government officers. Act and enactments, each of which is passed by parliament and state Legislative Assembly, help to ensure an efficient administrative government.
A democratic system of government separation of power, distribution and sharing practised by Malaysia a has impressed to people appreciate and support it.


Specialisation of Power (Separation of Power)
The Federation of Malaysia a system of parliamentary democracy. There are three main bodies in the system.
 The Executive
 The Legislative
 The Judiciary

The Executive Body
Although the Constitution accords the Yang di-Pertuan Agong with executive authority, subject to the provisions of any federal law and of the Second Schedule of the Constitution, Parliament may by law confer executive functions on other persons.
Except as otherwise provided for by the Constitution as regards his position and authority, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong usually acts in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet or more specifically, of the Prime Minister, in the exercise of his functions. However, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is entitled to and at his request, any information concerning the government of the Federation which is available to the Cabinet.
Although the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is to act on the advice of the Cabinet or of a Minister or after consultation with or on the recommendation of any person or body of persons (other than the Cabinet), His Majesty may act in his discretion in the performance of the three following functions, that is to say:

 The appointment of a Prime Minister;
 Consent or the withholding of consent to a request for the dissolution of Parliament;
 The requisition of a meeting of the Conference of Rulers concerned solely with the privileges, position, honor and dignity of Their Royal Highnesses, and any actions at such a meeting.

The appointment of a person (a member of Parliament) as the Prime Minister is based on his ability to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the House of Representatives. The appointment of members of the Cabinet and Deputy Ministers is made on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Articles 01 and 02 of the Federal Constitution state that:

"01. Executive Authority of Federation

The executive authority of the Federation shall be vested in the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and exercisable subject to the provision of any federal law and of the Second Schedule, by him or by the Cabinet or any Minister authorized by the Cabinet, but Parliament may by law confer executive functions on other persons."

"02. Yang di-Pertuan Agong to act on advice

(1) In the exercise of his functions under this Constitution, or under federal law the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall act in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet or of a Minister acting under the general authority of the Cabinet, except as otherwise provided by this Constitution; but shall be entitled, at his request, to any information concerning the government which is available to the Cabinet.
(1A) In the exercise of his functions under this Constitution or federal law, where the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is to act in accordance with advice, on advice, or after considering advice, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall accept and act in accordance with that advice.

(2) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may act in his discretion in the performance of the following functions, that is to say:
(a)the appointment of a Prime Minister;

(b)the withholding of consent to a request for the dissolution of Parliament;

(c)the requisition of a meeting of the Conference of Rulers concerned solely with the privileges, position, honour and dignity of Their Royal Highnesses, and any action at such a meeting, and in any other case mentioned in this Constitution.

(3) Federal law may make provision for requiring the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to act after consultation with or on the recommendation of any person or a body of persons other then the Cabinet to exercise any of his functions other than:

(a)functions exercisable in his discretion; and

(b)functions with respect to the exercise of which provision is made in any other Article."
The Legislative Body
shall be vested The of the Federation legislative authority in a Parliament, which shall consist of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and two Houses (Houses of Parliament) to be known as the Dewan Negara (Senate) and the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives). Since the institution of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is a component of the Parliament, His Majesty is empowered to exercise the following:

 Summon for the sittings of Parliament from time to time;
 Prorogation and dissolution of Parliament;
 Delivering of the Royal address in any of the two Houses or the two Houses of Parliament during the sitting of both Houses together; and




The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is also vested with the authority to appoint two members of the Senate for the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and one member for the Federal Territory of Labuan. Apart from these members, forty other members of the Senate shall be appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.

The members of the Senate to be appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall be persons who in His Majesty’s opinion are reputable personalities in their communities and have contributed significantly to the society. Other than the distinguished personalities in the fields of economy, commerce, industry, agriculture, cultural and social activities, reputable personalities representing the minority groups such as aborigines, may also be appointed as members of the Senate.


Constitution of Parliament.
The legislative authority of the Federation shall be vested in a Parliament, which shall consist of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and two Majlis (Houses of Parliament) to be known as the Dewan Negara (Senate) and the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)."


Composition of Senate.
(1) Subject to Clause (4) the Senate shall consist of elected and appointed members as follows:
(a) two members for each State shall be elected in accordance with the Seventh Schedule; and
(aa) two members for the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, one member for the Federal Territory of Labuan and one member for the Federal Territory of Putrajaya shall be appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong; and
(b) forty members shall be appointed by the Yang di Pertuan Agong.

(2) The members to be appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall be persons who in his opinion have rendered distinguished public service or have achieved distinction in the professions, commerce, industry, agriculture, cultural activities or social service or are representative of racial minorities or are capable of representing the interests of aborigines.

(3) The term of office of a member of the Senate shall, subject to provisions of the
Seventh Schedule, be three years and shall not be affected by dissolution of Parliament.

(3a) A member of the Senate shall not hold office for more than two terms either continuously or otherwise;
Provided that where a person who has already completed two or more terms of office as a member of the Senate, is immediately before the coming into force of this Clause a member of the Senate, he may continue to serve as such member for the remainder of his term.

(4) Parliament may by law:
(a) increase to three the number of members to be elected for each State;
(b) provide that the members to be elected for each State shall be so elected by the direct vote of the electors of that State;
(c) decrease the number of appointed members or abolish appointed members."


The Judicial Body

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong also plays a significant role in the judiciary. It is the responsibility of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to appoint the Chief Justice of the Federal Court, the President of the Court of Appeal, the Chief Judge of Malaya, the Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak, the judges of the Federal Court, the judges of the Court of Appeal and the judges of the High Courts on the advice of the Prime Minister after consultation with the Conference of Rulers. His Majesty may also appoint any person qualified as a judge of the High Court to be a Judicial Commissioner (who has the powers of a High Court judge) on the advice of the Prime Minister after consultation with the Chief Justice of the Federal Court (a transitional stage before being appointed as a High Court Judge.)

Apart from the abovementioned powers, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may also extend the tenure of office of a judge who has reached the age of 65 years. However, such extension shall not exceed six months after he has attained the age of 65 years. A judge of the Federal Court may resign his office at any time by writing under his hand addressed to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.

On the matter of removing a judge from office, the Federal Constitution provides that the Prime Minister or the Chief Justice of the Federal Court after consulting the Prime Minister
may make representations to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong that a judge of the Federal Court ought to be removed from office on the grounds of breach of any provisions of the code of ethics or on the grounds of inability to discharge the functions of his office owing to infirmity of body or mind or any other cause. After receiving such representations the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall appoint a tribunal and may on the recommendation of the tribunal remove the judge from office.

It should be noted that the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is not vested with the authority to remove a judge from office of his own free will. Only after receiving representations made by the Prime Minister or the Chief Justice of the Federal Court and on the recommendation of the tribunal, may the Yang di-Pertuan Agong remove a judge from office.
However, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may act in his discretion to either accept or reject the recommendation of the tribunal to remove a judge or to allow the judge to continue in
his office.

HIERARCHICAL ORDER OF THE FEDERAL COURT, COURT OF APPEAL AND HIGH COURT JUDGES

Constitution of the Federal Court

Chief Justice of the Federal Court
-
1
President of the Court of Appeal - 1
Chief Judges of the High Courts of Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak - 2
Judges of the Federal Court - 7
Constitution of the Court of Appeal

President of the Court of Appeal
-
1
Judges of the Court of Appeal - 10
Constitution of the High Courts

Judges of the High Courts of Malaya
-
47
Judges of the High Courts of Sabah and Sarawak - 10
POWERS TO PROCLAIM EMERGENCY
His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong having been satisfied, in accordance with Article 150 of the Federal Constitution, that a grave state of emergency exists threatening the security, life, economy or public order in the Federation or in the States, may issue a Proclamation of Emergency.


Proclamation of Emergency 

(1) If the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security, or the economic life, or public order in the Federation or any part thereof is threatened, he may issue a Proclamation of Emergency making therein a declaration to that effect.

(2) A Proclamation of Emergency under Clause (1) may be issued before the actual occurrence of the event which threatens the security, or the economic life, or public order in the Federation or any part thereof if the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is satisfied that there is imminent danger of the occurrence of such event.

(2a) The power conferred on the Yang di-Pertuan Agong by this Article shall include the power to issue different Proclamations on different grounds or in different circumstances, whether or not there is a Proclamation or Proclamations already issued by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong under Clause (1) and such Proclamation or Proclamations are in operation.

(2b) If at any time while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, except when both Houses of Parliament are sitting concurrently, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is satisfied that certain circumstances exist which render it necessary for him to take immediate action, he may promulgate such ordinances as circumstances appear to him to require.
(2c) An ordinance promulgated under Clause (2b) shall have the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament, and shall continue in full force and effect as if it is an Act of Parliament until it is revoked or annulled under Clause (3) or until it lapses under Clause (7); and the power of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to promulgate ordinances under Clause (2b) may be exercised in relation to any matter with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws, regardless of the legislative or other procedures required to be followed, or the proportion of the total votes required to be had, in either House of Parliament.

(3) A Proclamation of Emergency and any ordinance promulgated under Clause (2b) shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament and, if not sooner revoked, shall cease to have effect if resolutions are passed by both Houses annulling such Proclamation or ordinance, but without prejudice to anything previously done by virtue thereof or to the power of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to issue a new Proclamation under Clause (1) or promulgate any ordinance under Clause

(4) While a Proclamation of Emergency is in force the executive authority of the Federation shall, notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, extend to any matter within the legislative authority of a State and to the giving of directions to the Government of a State or to any officer of authority thereof.

(5) Subject to Clause (6a), while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, Parliament may, notwithstanding anything in this Constitution make laws with respect to any matter, if it appears to Parliament that the law is required by reason of the emergency; and Article 79 shall not apply to a Bill for such a law or an amendment to such a Bill, nor shall any provision of this Constitution or of any written law which requires any consent or concurrence to the passing of a law or any consultation with respect thereto, or which restricts the coming into force of a law after it is passed or the presentation of a Bill to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for his assent.

(6) Subject to Clause (6a), no provision of any ordinance promulgated under this Article, and no provision of any Act of Parliament which is passed while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force and which declares that the law appears to Parliament to be required by reason of the emergency, shall be invalid on the ground of inconsistency with any provision of this Constitution.

(6a) Clause (5) shall not extend the powers of Parliament with respect to any matter of Islamic law or the custom of the Malays, or with respect to any matter of native law or customs in the State of Sabah or Sarawak; nor shall Clause (6) validate any provision inconsistent with the provisions of this Constitution relating to any such matter or relating to religion, citizenship, or language.
(7) At the expiration of a period of six months beginning with the date on which a Proclamation of Emergency ceases to be in force, any ordinance promulgated in pursuance of the Proclamation and, to the extent that it could not have been validly made but for this Article, any law made while the Proclamation was in force, shall cease to have effect, except as to things done or omitted to be done before the expiration of that period.

(8) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution:
(a) the satisfaction of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong mentioned in Clause (1) and Clause (2b) shall be final and conclusive and shall not be challenged or called in question in any court on any ground; and

(b) no court shall have jurisdiction to entertain or determine any application, question or proceeding, in whatever form, on any ground, regarding the validity of
(i) a Proclamation under Clause (1) or of a declaration made in such Proclamation to the effect stated in Clause (1);
(ii) the continued operation of such Proclamation;
(iii) any ordinance promulgated under Clause (2b); or
(iv) the continuation in force of any such ordinance.

(9) For the purpose of this Article the Houses of Parliament shall be regarded as sitting only if the members of each House are respectively assembled together and carrying out the business of the House."


HEAD OF RELIGION OF ISLAM
Article A of the Federal Constitution requires that the Constitutions of the States of Malacca, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak make provisions for conferring on the Yang di-Pertuan Agong the position of Head of the religion of Islam in the States. His Majesty is also the Head of the religion of Islam in the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan and in his own State. He may also appoint persons to occupy certain posts for the States of Penang, Malacca and the Federal Territories on the advice of the Council of the religion of Islam in these States. For the States of Sabah and Sarawak the power to appoint such persons has been delegated to the Yang di-Pertua Negeri by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
Article A of the Federal Constitution provides that:
"A. Religion of the Federation.
(1) Islam is the religion of the Federation; but other religions may be practised in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation.
(2) In every State other than States not having a Ruler the position of the Ruler as the Head of the religion of Islam in his State in the manner and to the extent acknowledged and declared by the Constitution of that State, and subject to that Constitution, all rights, privileges, prerogatives and powers enjoyed by him as Head of that religion, are unaffected and unimpaired; but in any acts, observances or ceremonies with respect to which the Conference of Rulers has agreed that they should extend to the Federation as a whole each of the other Rulers shall in his capacity of Head of religion of Islam authorize the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to represent him."

EMPLOYEE

EMPLOYEE

The majority of people in work are employees in this world.speciaficly; all the people who are living in this world are employed.
An employer is a person or institution that hires employees or workers. Employers offer wages or a salary to the workers in exchange for the worker's labor power, depending upon whether the employee is paid by the hour or a set rate per pay period. A salaried employee is typically not paid more for more hours worked than the minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours worked. Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. To run an organization smoothly they need employees.
In organization the employer and employee should have negative relationship to achieve the goals.

Rights of employees

As an employee,

basic rights.

Agreements

Employee rights regarding employment contracts and agreements, such as non-compete, non-disclosure, separation and severance agreements. Independent contractor agreements included
Hours
Topics related to work hours, such as employee rights regarding work breaks and forced mandatory overtime. Includes information about work-hour restrictions under the Fair Labor Standards Act or FLSA.

Benefits
Employee rights related to mandatory and voluntary employee benefits provided by employers, such as health insurance, paid holidays, sick leave and vacation. Explains and lists legal holidays
Safety & Health
Explains workers' rights to a safe and healthy workplace under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Includes links to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and state equivalents.

INTRODUCATION TO HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM INDUSTRY

INTRODUCATION TO HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM INDUSTRY

 Never days, we can see around the world, A person who travels from a place to another place east call travelling what he does through that distance will be in this hospitality industry.
For a example: The meals and transport between that journey.
 Hospitality means. Derived from the Latin word hospitalities, which refers to the act or practice entertaining strangers or guests in friendly generous manner.
The hospitality industry include
A) Food and beverage services
B) Lodging services
C) Recreation services
D) Travel – Related (tourism) services
E) Products provided with personal services
 The hospitality and Tourism industry is the world’s largest and fastest growing industry and employer in the world. Therefore, We can say that there are tremendous career opportunities
Internationally.
 Today, Hospitality businesses interact with one another one a global basis and must stay aware of what is happening around them.
 Now, we will see history of hospitality and tourism industry, Hospitality have a long history. The concept of hospitality began and flourished very long ago. The word “hospitality” was derived from the word “hospice” a France word meaning “to provide care and shelter for travelers” The hospitality was found in 3000 ( B.C.) When Sumerian traders who travelled from one region to another in the Mesopotamian Kingdom to sell their grain needed shelter, food and drink. That time most travels were long journeys.

 Later, in 1700 ( B.C.) ancient Greece and Rome founded the Hospitality establishment which were called ‘taverns’ There was an increase in travel and trade which, in turn increased the needed from accommodation for traders.
Historians Speculated that first overnight lodging structures were erected along the Mid-Eastern trade and caravan routes around 4000 years ago. These structures were called ‘caravanserai.’
Later, as trade travel increased, Hospitality establishment began offering other services such as restaurants, toilets, more quipped bed rooms, a kitchen, a bar.
According to chon and sparrow (2000),Roman society had a significant inflame on the hospitality and tourism industry .Many Romans citizens were wealthy enough to travel for pleasure.
Besides that well-built roads gave theme easy access to most of the know world. Roman citizens could visit exotic places and faced no communication problems between guest and host as Latin became a universal language by then. Some hospitality terms even originated from Latin, such as “hospe”means host or guest and “hospitium” which means guest chamber, inn or quarters.
After the fall of Roman Empire, travel declined and inns became the province of religious matter. From the fourth through the 11th centuries, the Roman Catholic church kept the hospitality industry alive by encouraging religious pilgrimages between monasteries and cathedrals throughout Europe.
While passing all this the hospitality and tourism industry have grown up to a good stranded in the 21st centuries.

THE ADVANTAGE OF TAKING HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT COURSE
I choose the hospitality and tourism industry for the reason.
 The hospitality and tourism industry is world wide industry.
 I will try my best to be come about good manager industry the hospitality and tourism industry.
 The hospitality and tourism industry is the very biggest industry. So many people works industry that industry. There are lot of working opportunities. So we will get an job easily.
 We will get to know about world knowledge through study industry the hospitality and tourism industry.
 By studying about hospitality industry there is very good job opportunities industry this world market.
 Not only theory there is practical industry this course. So that you will have experience a short period. So you can join a job in a short period.
 The hospitality and tourism industry is one of the best industry. That you can earn. So that we can earn more.
 We will organize our life about learn management skills.
 Wherever you can live we go there.

WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF THE HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
 We will change a student in to globalization thorough we tech to him about international languages for an example English, Arabic
 By learning this economics subject it gives a good knowledge for the students about economics so it will be help full for them to continue their business
 We will study travel and tourism to know important places in this world.
 We will change a student as a good manager in this world through what we tech to him about management technical.
 A student should study about the customers mind by knowing that you can gain more profit.
 We will give the students about world wide cook methods and therefore a good chaff will be introduced for this industry as well as to the world.
 The hospitality and tourism industry very demand in Mid-Eastern countries. So we will get the job easily through learn Arab language. As well as u can go for jobs in Western countries through learn English language.